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Myopia is one of the main causes of visual impairment. In recent years, the incidence of myopia has been increasing. Effective prevention and control of myopia is essential for maintaining patients' visual function and quality of life. With the continuous development of computer technology and big data acquisition, artificial intelligence(AI)is developing rapidly in the field of medical and health care. Machine learning and deep learning are gradually emerging in the field of myopia prevention and control. Through the AI model formed by training the diopter, axial length, color fundus photography, optical coherence tomography and other myopia-related data, with the help of remote medical platform, AI has played a positive role in the occurrence, progress prediction and monitoring of myopia, early warning of pathological myopia, prevention and treatment of myopia and ophthalmological telemedicine. This paper mainly reviews the research progress of AI in the field of myopia prevention and control, aiming to provide a new direction for the prevention and control of myopia in the future.
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The incidence of myopia is gradually on the rise worldwide, which seriously affects the eye health of teenagers and children, causing enormous loss of socioeconomic benefits. As a result, the prevention and control of myopia is crucial and urgent. In recent years, orthokeratology lens have gradually demonstrated its superiority in the field of myopia prevention and control. At present, the principle of controlling the development of myopia by orthokeratology lens is mainly based on the theory of retinal hyperopia optical defocus, which promotes the shift of hyperopic defocus to myopic defocus in myopic patients to curb the growth of the axial length. The effect of controlling the development of myopia is related to various factors, including the total amount of defocusing, pupil diameter, optical zone design, and lens decentration. The widespread use of orthokeratology lenses will effectively reduce the incidence of myopia in teenagers and children. This paper discusses the principle of controlling the development of myopia by the defocus technique of orthokeratology lenses, and the relationship between the amount of defocusing and the position of the defocusing circle and the effect of myopia prevention and control. A specific review was conducted to clarify the research progress on defocus technique of orthokeratology lens in the prevention and control of myopia.
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@#AIM: To explore the effect of different intraocular irrigating solutions on lens opacity after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).<p>METHODS: Totally 48 subjects(48 eyes)patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy from March 2018 to February 2019 were enrolled in this study, randomly divided into BSS intraocular irrigating solution group(23 cases and 23 eyes)and Shike intraocular irrigating solution group(25 cases and 25 eyes). LOCS grading system Ⅲ was applied to grade lens opacity. Pentacam occipital analyzer was applied to analyze the density and thickness of lens, and the results were compared and discussed.<p>RESULTS:Three months after PPV,NC, P score and the density of lens in LOCSIII grade in the two groups were significantly higher than those before surgery(<i>P</i><0.05), but the C score was not different significantly(<i>P</i>>0.05). In addition, the thickness of the lens in BSS intraocular irrigating solution group was significantly higher than that before PPV(<i>P</i><0.05), but there was no significant difference in the Shike intraocular irrigating solution group(<i>P</i>>0.05). NC, P score, the density and thickness of lens were significantly lower in Shike intraocular irrigating solution group than those in the BSS intraocular irrigating solution group. But the C score was not different significantly between the two groups(<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Shike intraocular irrigating solution can delay the development of postoperative complicated cataract formation.
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<p><b>Background</b>Remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) appears to protect distant organs from ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). However, cerebral protection results have remained inconclusive. In the present study, a meta-analysis was performed to compare stroke patients with and without RIPostC.</p><p><b>Methods</b>CNKI, WanFang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to July 2016. Data were analyzed using both fixed-effects and random-effects models by Review Manager. For each outcome, risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.</p><p><b>Results</b>A total of 13 randomized controlled trials that enrolled a total of 794 study participants who suffered from or are at risk for brain IRI were selected. Compared with controls, RIPostC significantly reduced the recurrence of stroke or transient ischemic attacks (RR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.26-0.55; P < 0.00001). Moreover, it can reduce the levels of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (MD: 1.96; 95% CI: 2.18-1.75; P < 0.00001), modified Rankin Scale score (MD: 0.73; 95% CI: 1.20-0.25; P = 0.00300), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (MD: 4.17; 95% CI: 4.71-3.62; P < 0.00001) between the two groups. There was no side effect of RIPostC using tourniquet cuff around the limb on ischemic stroke treating based on different intervention duration.</p><p><b>Conclusion</b>The present meta-analysis suggests that RIPostC might offer cerebral protection for stroke patients suffering from or are at risk of brain IRI.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Ischemia , Ischemic Attack, Transient , Therapeutics , Ischemic Postconditioning , Methods , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , StrokeABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Renal function is associated with mortality and functional disabilities in stroke patients, and impaired autonomic function is common in stroke, but little is known regarding its effects on stroke patients with renal dysfunction. This study sought to evaluate the association between autonomic function and stroke in patients with renal dysfunction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study comprised 232 patients with acute ischemic stroke consecutively enrolled from February 2013 to November 2014 at Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine in China. All patients recruited underwent laboratory evaluation and 24 h Holter electrocardiography (ECG). Autonomic function was measured based on the heart rate variability (HRV) using 24 h Holter ECG. Renal damage was assessed through the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and stroke severity was rated according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The Barthel index and modified Rankin score were also determined following admission. All the clinical covariates that could potentially affect autonomic outcome variables were adjusted with linear regression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the patients with a mild or moderate decreased eGFR, the values for the standard deviation of the averaged normal-to-normal RR interval (SDANN) index (P = 0.022), very low frequency (VLF) (P = 0.043), low frequency (LF) (P = 0.023), and ratio of low-to-high frequency power (LF/HF) (P = 0.001) were significantly lower than those in the patients with a normal eGFR. A multinomial linear regression indicated that eGFR (t = 2.47, P = 0.014), gender (t = -3.60, P < 0.001), and a history of hypertension (t = -2.65, P = 0.008) were the risk factors of LF/HF; the NIHSS score (SDANN index: t = -3.83, P < 0.001; VLF: t = -3.07, P = 0.002; LF: t = -2.79, P = 0.006) and a history of diabetes (SDANN index: t = -3.58, P < 0.001; VLF: t = -2.54, P = 0.012; LF: t = -2.87, P = 0.004) were independent factors for the SDANN index, VLF, and LF; the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (t = -2.38, P = 0.018) was related to the SDANN index.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Autonomic dysfunction is aggravated with the progression of eGFR stage in patients with acute ischemic stroke; the eGFR is an independent factor of LF/HF in the adjusted models. Stroke severity and a history of diabetes are more significantly associated with HRV in patients with acute ischemic stroke at different stages of renal dysfunction.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Physiology , Heart Rate , Physiology , Kidney , Pathology , Linear Models , Observational Studies as Topic , StrokeABSTRACT
Glaucoma is a group of diseases which can threaten and damage the optic nerve and its visual pathway, leading to visual impairment as a result. Glaucomatous optic neuropathy is a chronic disease accompanied by apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells ( RGCs ) , visual field defect and cupping of optic nerve head. The gold standard in functional glaucoma evaluation is standard automated perimetry ( SAP) , but it is often limited to the subjective feelings of the patients. Still, visual electrophysiological techniques cannot replace the conventional inspection, but with its rapid development, it has provided a new strategy for the early diagnosis of glaucoma as a supplement because it can show changes in amplitude and latency before visual field defect. Here we review three special electroretinograms and multifocal focal visually evoked potentials in the early diagnosis of glaucoma.